System for fixing an adapter for earth-moving machines

专利摘要:
A system for fixing an adapter for earth-moving machines, which comprises: a fixing element (1) that fixes an adapter (2) to an edge (10) of a shovel of the earth-moving machine; and a wedge (3) placed in contact between the fixing element (1) and the edge (10), characterized in that the system comprises a plurality of sensors (4) arranged on the wedge (3) or on the fixing element (1) thatdetect at least one detection element (5) arranged in the other of the fixing element (1) or the wedge (3). It makes it possible continuously to detect and to monitor the position of the wedge relative to the fixing element without the need to check the position of the wedge visually.
公开号:ES2804398A2
申请号:ES202090066
申请日:2019-07-04
公开日:2021-02-05
发明作者:Llinas Jordi Marquez；Bertran Nil Vallvé；Villar Raúl Jaras；Hernández Jaime Fernández；Boixeda Jorge Triginer；Frigola Ester Alonso
申请人:Metalogenia Research and Technologies SL；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0002] Fixing system of an adapter for earthmoving machines
[0004] The present invention refers to a fixing system of an adapter for earthmoving machines, which allows to control its correct positioning in a continuous and automated way.
[0006] Background of the invention
[0008] It is common to use earth moving machines such as excavators or loaders and electric shovels for work in public works, mining, etc. In general, these machines comprise a shovel provided with a plurality of edges on which the material is collected. This blade is subjected to high efforts and great wear, mainly in the front area, commonly referred to as the blade. For this reason, generally, blades tend to have a plurality of built-in wear or protection elements.
[0010] These elements of protection include:
[0011] - teeth: have the function of penetrating the ground, helping the loading of material and protecting the blade of the shovel;
[0012] - adapter: they have the function of protecting the blade and supporting the teeth;
[0013] - frontal protectors: they have the function of protecting the lip in the areas between the teeth and also fulfill the function of penetration, but to a lesser extent than the teeth;
[0014] - Side protectors: protect the sides of the blade.
[0016] All these elements, usually referred to collectively as wear or protection elements, are subject to strong mechanical stresses, plastic deformations and high wear. For this reason, it is usual that they must be replaced with a certain frequency, when the wear suffered requires it.
[0018] The wear or protection elements can be mechanically fixed or welded depending on the degree of abrasiveness of the ground and the dimensions of the machine. If they are mechanically fixed they can be changed more easily and quickly, while if they are welded they are cheaper, but are more difficult to change and have the risk of damaging the blade with welding.
[0019] The mechanical fixing of the adapters is usually carried out by means of a fixing element with a C-section that is fixed to each edge of the blade and a wedge, which is snapped between said fixing element and the adapter.
[0021] During use, said wedge tends to move and move downwards, and said movement must be controlled to ensure the correct operation of the wear elements, ensuring that the wedge is in a correct position.
[0023] During work, the face of the blade wears out and deforms plastically with friction with the adapter. Another point where wear / deformation appears is between the wedge and the front of the blade hole.
[0025] With such wear and tear and plastic deformation, the adapter or guard moves rearward, thereby increasing the clearance for the wedge and the front of the blade hole. When this space appears, the wedge lowers until it is retensioned. It is very important that the adapter and protector work under tension, to prevent it from falling or breaking during operation.
[0027] It is important to prevent the wedge from moving so much that it comes out under the adapter or protector, since, if it comes out from below and receives a hit with the ground, it can be projected upwards, being very dangerous for users. and it will also cause the tooth carrier to fall (unplanned stop, loss of production, etc.); that is why it is important to know the position of the wedge.
[0029] Currently there is no reliable way to check the position of the wedge The visual inspection of the upper part of the adapter or protectors does not offer guarantees since the wear suffered by the blades of the adapter or protectors and of the wedge itself make it impossible to determine the height real of it. Another option would be to review the position of the wedge from the bottom, less exposed to wear. However, it is extremely dangerous to get under the bucket and check it visually. It is an operation prohibited by mining companies to avoid accidents.
[0031] When it has been detected that the wedge has dropped considerably, it is deduced that the wear and / or plastic deformation on the front of the blade and on the front of the hole is at the limit of its useful life and must be rebuilt to the original geometry to ensure correct support and assembly between the wear elements and the blade. This reconstruction is necessary to prevent elements from playing and breaking during the excavation operation. In some applications, before proceeding to rebuild the front of the blade, what is done, as an intermediate step, is to change the wedge for a thicker one, to recover the tension in the mechanical system. When this second wedge has shifted considerably down again, then it only remains to rebuild the front of the blade. Currently, there is no metric that allows the user to know when is the most appropriate time to proceed to change the wedge or proceed to rebuild the lip.
[0033] Currently this control of the position of the wedge is carried out visually by specialized personnel, which implies an investment in significant time, since it must be carried out periodically for each of the adapters or protectors of each earthmoving machine. Another factor is safety, since the operator may decide to get under the bucket to check the position of the wedges. In addition, the machine must be completely stopped to perform this inspection. And it must be done in person, requiring that mine or site personnel have to go to the machine in question to proceed with the verification. Also, due to the upper and lower wear suffered by the adapters and guards, it is not possible to take an exact measurement of the wedge displacement.
[0035] Therefore, an objective of the present invention is to provide a fixing system for adapter and protector that allows to control continuously, or in a substantially continuous way, the position of the wedges in an automated, safe and remote way without the need to stop the machine or to displace personnel to the pit of the mine or work.
[0037] Description of the invention
[0039] With the fixing system of the invention, the aforementioned drawbacks are solved, presenting other advantages that will be described below.
[0041] The fixing system of an adapter for earthmoving machines according to the present invention comprises:
[0042] a fixing element that fixes an adapter to an edge of a blade of the earth moving machine; Y
[0043] a wedge placed in contact between the fixing element and the edge, within the hole of the adapter, and characterized in that the system comprises a plurality of sensors arranged in the wedge or in the fixing element that detect at least one element of detection arranged on the other of the fixing element or the wedge. That is, said sensors are mounted on the wedge and said at least one sensing element is mounted on the fixing element, or vice versa.
[0045] Thanks to this feature, it is possible to continuously detect and control the position of the wedge relative to the fixing element, without the need to visually check the position of the wedge.
[0047] According to two alternative embodiments, said sensors are magnetic field sensors or said sensors are metal sensors.
[0049] According to said alternative embodiments, said at least one detection element is a magnet or a plurality of magnets or said at least one detection element is a hole or a plurality of holes.
[0051] For example, such metal sensors can be spirals printed on a printed circuit board.
[0053] Advantageously, said sensors are connected to a control means, which performs the calculations to determine the position of the wedge with respect to the fixing element, and sends the result of said calculations to an external element in a wired or wireless way in which it can be display the information regarding the position of the wedge.
[0055] For example, said information can be displayed in a specific application on a mobile phone, the emission of alarms being possible in which case it is determined that the position of the wedge is not the appropriate position. This information can also be displayed on a control screen in the machine operator's cabin to warn of possible incidents. For example, if the wedge has moved more than recommended, the operator is alerted to proceed with the wedge change before a fall or breakage of the wear element in question occurs.
[0057] It should be noted that in the present description and in the claims by the term "adapter" it is intended to identify a tooth holder, a protector, a side protector or any adapter that has a mechanical fixation with an earth moving machine.
[0058] Brief description of the drawings
[0060] For a better understanding of what has been stated, some drawings are attached in which, schematically and only as a non-limiting example, some embodiments are represented.
[0062] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the attachment of a tooth and an adapter to an edge of a blade of an earthmoving machine;
[0064] Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the tooth fixture and adapter of Figure 1;
[0066] Figure 3 is a sectional view where the fixing system of the present invention can be seen, according to a first embodiment;
[0068] Figure 4 is a sectional view where the fixing system of the present invention can be seen, according to a second embodiment; Y
[0070] Figure 5 is a sectional view where the fixing system of the present invention can be seen, according to a third embodiment.
[0072] Description of preferred embodiments
[0074] In Figures 1 and 2 an edge 10 of a blade of an earth moving machine is shown on which an adapter 2 is fixed, at the front end of which a tooth 11 of an earth moving machine is fixed.
[0076] The attachment of the adapter 2 to the edge 10 of the blade is carried out by means of a fixing element 1 with a C-shaped section, as shown in figure 2, and a wedge 3 placed in contact between the fixing element 1 and edge 10.
[0078] To detect the position of the wedge 3 with respect to the fixing element 1, the fixing system comprises a plurality of sensors 4 that detect at least one detection element 5.
[0080] The data on the detection of the position of the wedge 3 is sent to a control means 6, which can be placed on the fixing system itself, for example on the wedge 3 or on the fixing element 1, and this control means 6 can be connected to an external processor, by cable or wirelessly, for example, to a mobile phone provided with a specific application, indicating to the user the position and possible change of the wedge 3 .
[0082] Three different embodiments of the fixation system according to the present invention are shown in Figures 3 to 5.
[0084] In the first embodiment represented in figure 3, the sensors 4 are vertically positioned in the wedge 3 and are magnetic sensors, and the fixing element 1 comprises a plurality of magnets also vertically positioned, which are the detection elements 5.
[0086] It should be noted, however, that the sensors 4 could be positioned on the fixing element 1 and the detection elements 5 could be positioned on the wedge, since the detection effect would be the same.
[0088] In the second embodiment shown in figure 4, the sensors 4 are also placed vertically in the wedge 3 and are metal detection sensors, for example, a plurality of spirals printed on a printed circuit board, which is arranged vertically. For its part, the detection element 5 is a hole made in the fixing element 1. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the control means 6 is placed in the wedge 3.
[0090] The third embodiment shown in Figure 5 is very similar to the second embodiment. The main difference is that the sensors 4 are arranged on the fixing element 1, while the wedge 3 comprises a plurality of holes that are used as detection elements 5.
[0092] In this third embodiment, the sensors 4 are also metal detection sensors, also a plurality of spirals printed on a printed circuit board. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the control means 6 is placed on the fixing element 1.
[0094] The operation of the fixing system according to the present invention is as follows:
[0096] The fixing of the adapter 2 on the edge 10 of the blade of the earth moving machine is carried out in a conventional manner by means of the fixing element 1 and the wedge 3 described above.
[0097] Unlike conventional fixing systems in which it is not possible to automatically and continuously determine the position of the wedge 3 with respect to the fixing element 1, in the fixing system of the present invention the detection elements 5 determine in a way Continuous and precise position of the wedge 3 with respect to the fixing element 1.
[0099] In the first embodiment, the relative position of the magnetic sensors 4 with respect to the magnets 5 is detected. The signal with respect to this position is sent to the control means 6, which performs the necessary calculations to provide a user with information about the wedge position 3.
[0101] The user can view such information through an external device, for example, a computer, a mobile phone or any other suitable device. Furthermore, if desired, the control means 6 can emit an alert signal in the event that it is determined that the position of the wedge 3 is not adequate according to predetermined parameters.
[0103] For example, on the external device there could be an indication of different colors. Thus, the green color could indicate that the position of the wedge is correct, the orange color could indicate that an intervention will be required in the near future, and the red color could indicate that the operation of the machine must be had, to change the wedge or to rebuild the blade.
[0105] In the second and third embodiments, the operation is the same. In this case, the position of the hole or holes is determined by the sensors 4, the necessary calculations being also carried out by the control means 6 to determine the specific position of the wedge 3.
[0107] Despite the fact that reference has been made to a specific embodiment of the invention, it is clear to a person skilled in the art that the described fastening system is susceptible to numerous variations and modifications, and that all the mentioned details can be substituted by others technically equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection defined by the appended claims.

权利要求:
Claims (7)
[1]
1. Fixing system of an adapter for earthmoving machines, comprising:
a fixing element (1) that fixes an adapter (2) to an edge (10) of a blade of the earth moving machine; Y
a wedge (3) placed in contact between the fixing element (1) and the edge (10), characterized in that the system comprises a plurality of sensors (4) arranged in the wedge (3) or in the fixing element ( 1) that detect at least one detection element (5) arranged in the other of the fixing element (1) or the wedge (3).
[2]
2. Attachment system for an adapter for earthmoving machines according to claim 1, wherein said sensors (4) are magnetic field sensors.
[3]
3. Fixing system of an adapter for earth-moving machines according to claim 1, in which said sensors (4) are metal sensors.
[4]
4. Fixing system of an adapter for earth-moving machines according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said at least one detection element (5) is a magnet or a plurality of magnets.
[5]
5. Fixing system of an adapter for earth-moving machines according to claim 1 or 3, wherein said at least one detection element (5) is a hole or a plurality of holes.
[6]
6. Fixing system of an adapter for earth-moving machines according to claim 3, in which said metal sensors (4) are spirals printed on a printed circuit board.
[7]
7. System for fixing an adapter for earthmoving machines according to claim 1, in which said sensors (4) are connected to a control means (6), which performs calculations to determine the position of the wedge (3) with respect to the fixing element (1).

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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BR112020027088A2|2021-03-30|

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PE20210354A1|2021-02-26|

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CL2020003460A1|2021-07-30|

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ES2804398R1|2021-06-08|

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US20210270017A1|2021-09-02|

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ES2804398B2|2022-01-10|

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CA3105561A1|2020-01-09|

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AU2019297466A1|2021-01-28|

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WO2020007958A1|2020-01-09|

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EP3591126A1|2020-01-08|

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CN112384664A|2021-02-19|

引用文献:

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公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

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US5465512A|1994-06-28|1995-11-14|Caterpillar Inc.|Implement assembly with a mechanically attached adapter|

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EP2913441A1|2014-02-27|2015-09-02|Metalogenia Research & Technologies S.L.|A locking device for the wear assembly of an earth moving machine|

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CN111197324A|2015-02-13|2020-05-26|爱斯科集团有限责任公司|Monitoring tool for earth working equipment|

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EP3327205A1|2015-07-24|2018-05-30|Metalogenia Research & Technologies S.L.|Wear sensor and wear element, and corresponding assembly and use|

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优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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EP18382496.0A|EP3591126A1|2018-07-05|2018-07-05|Fastening system of an adapter for earthmoving machines|

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PCT/EP2019/067935|WO2020007958A1|2018-07-05|2019-07-04|System for fixing an adapter for earth-moving machines|

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